Pdx1 Expression in Irs2-deficient Mouse β-Cells Is Regulated in a Strain-dependent Manner

Pdx1 restores β cell function in Irs2 knockout mice

The insulin receptor substrates (IRS proteins) coordinate many signals during insulin and IGF-1 stimulation, including activation of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and ERK1/2 cascades (1). Although highly homologous and universally expressed, Irs1 and Irs2 display distinct biological function in mice (2). Irs1 strongly promotes somatic growth and mediates insulin action upon carbohydrat...

MICA Expression Is Regulated by Cell Adhesion and Contact in a FAK/Src-Dependent Manner

MICA is a major ligand for the NKG2D immune receptor, which plays a key role in activating natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells. We analyzed NKG2D ligand expression on a range of cell types and could demonstrate that MICA expression levels were closely linked to cellular growth mode. While the expression of other NKG2D ligands was largely independent of cell growth mode, MICA express...

High Expression of IGFBP7 in Fibroblasts Induced by Colorectal Cancer Cells Is Co-Regulated by TGF-β and Wnt Signaling in a Smad2/3-Dvl2/3-Dependent Manner

Fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment are a key determinant in cancer progression and may be a promising target for cancer therapy. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is known as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study investigated the inductive mechanism of IGFBP7 expression in fibroblasts by supernatant from the CRC cell line, SW620. The results...

Isoproterenol Increases RANKL Expression in a ATF4/NFATc1-Dependent Manner in Mouse Osteoblastic Cells

Sympathetic nervous system stimulation-induced β-adrenergic signal transduction is known to induce bone loss and increase of osteoclast activity. Although isoproterenol, a nonspecific β-adrenergic receptor agonist, has been shown to increase receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), the details of the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of the ...

Age-Dependent Manner in NOD Mice Is Regulated in an Thymic Development of Autoreactive T Cells